How LED Lights Works

How LED lights work can be explained many different ways. The easiest to understand explanation is to say that they are the simplest of semiconductors that are made with different materials. The conductor material used is called aluminum gallium arsenide and bonds perfectly so there are no other electrons available to conduct electricity. Therefore all electricity is conducted through one conductor, creating a whiter and more pure light; a Light Emitting Diode. LED's work is essentially like all other lights. The electricity is applied through standard methods, but the materials used are different, therefore making the light created different.

How LED lights work to create light is that they release energy through atoms. There are many packets that contain energy inside of an LED, and although there is energy there is no mass. These packets are called photons and are the basis of light emission. The photons are continually released due to electrons moving. Since the electrons in an atom move in an orbit around the nucleus, the ones with the most energy move farthest away from the nucleus. The photons are released and either drops from or moves up in orbit depending on the amount of energy it produces. Therefore the amount of light that is emitted will be sustained by the orbit the photons are seated in.

The materials used in visible LED's are made so that the lower orbits are used and the photons stay closer to the nucleus. The gap between a photon's orbit and the conduction band found in all LED lights will determine the color of the light based on a prism effect. The light can be blue simply from being closer to the conduction band, or can be red if farther away from the band. When the electrical current goes across a diode or photon, the negative electrons move one direction while the positive move the opposite direction. The speed at which this takes place will determine how bright the light is that is emitted from an LED light. So when an electron releases energy due to moving higher or lower in an orbit, the photon is formed. The photon carries energy from one area to another and therefore is responsible for the light being created in an LED light. The conduction band sits close to the lowest orbits, and when electrons release their photons in the average silicon diode allows there to be a very small gap between the band and the light is therefore brighter than that of other types of LED lights.

How LED lights work has much to do with the things they are used for. Some items such as digital clocks use LED lights and they do not have to be as bright as those in flashlights or turn signals in vehicles. Therefore how the light works determines the intensity of the light and also the use of a specific light as well. To see if your vehicle can use LED lights, contact your local parts warehouse.

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